INK 墨
The writers and publications introduced here are drawn from a broad range that includes novelists,
essayists, sociologists, historians and journalists.
Also present are archives and organisations that feature Chinese-language works as well as academic research
and cultural commentary on the context around them. These are valuable resources that offer a level of insight and
genuine pursuit of understanding far beyond that of the typical China book of the month.
Click here to skip ahead to the
writers.
Since I first began to work towards fluency in Chinese, I set upon the goal of attaining a high level of literacy.
This is a subjective standard which I define in these terms:
- to be able to read the same books and articles as educated native speakers,
- to do so with close to the ease I experience in my mother tongue, and
- to feel something close to what a native speaker might feel when they read them.
That last point sticks out a bit, so to elaborate: the might in "might feel" is key, since I cannot know what I
don't know. I'll try but won't presume to grasp each nuance and weighted reference — though it's clear
this
applies just as much to one's "own" language, and the best we can do is use these primal tools as a proxy for true
understanding.
And yet, it's not enough to me to understand what I read at an intellectual level. I want to feel and be stimulated
by
writing in this language in the same way that I am when I read my favourite writers in English.
The catch is this: for that to happen, the writing must also be "good" in the first place. As others have pointed
out, that "good" stuff is not often offered up to the newcomer — but it sure is out there.
From the outset I've sought recommendations from friends and other native speakers, and relied on their tastes and
cultural clairvoyance to filter out the noise. I'm ever grateful for their patience and the many excellent
"discoveries" made thanks to them.
Over time I've developed my own sense of how and where to seek out writing
I'm interested in — something I tend to take for granted in my native
language.
The entries on this page are shared to signal writers and resources I've found value in — in whatever respect
— as both notes to myself and a nod to whoever else might be searching.
See SOURCES for details on where to get
hold of Chinese-language books.
Eileen Chang 張愛玲
Eileen Chang 張愛玲1920—1995 — also known
as Zhang Ailing — was a
novelist, screenwriter and essayist, and a major figure in 20th century
Chinese literature.
Chang's works remain widely read in the Chinese-language world today, many
of them focused on the 1930s to 1940s of the Republican era
中華民國1912—1949. She is
perhaps best known overseas today as the author of Lust, Caution色,戒—
which Ang Lee 李安 adapted for the screen in 2007. Her novel Naked Earth赤地戀愛— one of few translated into
English — depicts a young couple separated by Party bureaucracy and the Korean War.
In addition to her fiction she was an active translator, and her research
on Cao Xueqin's 曹雪芹1715—1763 Dream of the Red Chamber紅樓夢 is
credited
with having revived scholarly interest in the classic novel.
Chen Hsueh 陳雪
Chen Hsueh 陳雪 — born Chen Yaling 陳雅玲1970— — is a novelist and short story writer from Taiwan.
Her 1995 collection Vile Girls Book惡女書 explores its
protagonists'
struggles to accept their non-conventional sexuality amid strained family
ties and social stigma.
The strongest of the stories — Looking for Lost Angel Wings尋找天使遺失的翅膀 and After the Cat Died貓死了之後— speak directly through first-person
narratives, whereas the magical realist style of the other two seems to
dilute the impact.
In one passage of Night Maze夜的迷宮 Chen composes
across the page in
rows and columns simultaneously, an unusual technique that gives a
stream of consciousness-like feel. It would be interesting to see this
developed to greater effect.
Since gaining infamy for the controversy of Vile Girls Book, her debut
work — published in a less tolerant Taiwan over two decades before it
legalised same-sex marriage — Chen has spoken of her desire not to be
typified as a genre writer. Chen is a prolific writer with several
acclaimed full-length novels, some of which are on
this list.
Chen Zhongshi 陳忠實
Chen Zhongshi 陳忠實1942—2016 was an author and
the 1997 recipient of
the Mao Dun Literature Prize茅盾文學獎.
The novel that earned him recognition, White Deer Plain白鹿原,
follows two rival families in rural Shaanxi province through the major
upheavals of the first half of the 20th century.
From the decline of the Qing dynasty 清朝1644—1912 through the
establishment of the
Republic of China
中華民國1912—1949, Japanese
occupation and civil war, and the ultimate victory of the Communist Party,
Chen depicts the conflicting interests and obligations that lead
individuals to fateful decisions.
The narrative complexity brings out the overwhelming uncertainty people
endured during the period, and avoids any sense of a simple moral path to
safety.
Chiang Hsun 蔣勛
Chiang Hsun 蔣勳1947— is a writer, artist, and
former professor of
fine arts at Taiwan's Tunghai University 東海
大學. He has written
extensively on global culture, art history and Chinese history, and is a
popular speaker due to his accessible style.
His extensive output includes interpretations of literary classics, such
as his mesmerising in-depth series on Cao Xueqin's 曹雪芹1715—1763 Dream of the Red Chamber紅樓夢— akin to the late
Frank Delaney's1942—2017 exegesis
of James Joyce's1882—1941 Ulysses — essays on Buddhism, and musings on artistic
expression across differing cultural and societal values.
China Heritage
The
China Heritage
project, which also houses The Wairarapa Academy for New Sinology
清漪書院, is a product of collaboration between sinologist Geremie Barmé and fellow scholars of China's culture and politics.
Though not "native" content, the site is included here due to being an
excellent gateway to encounter independent thinkers in the People's
Republic of China and its community-in-exile, and a resource for those
interested in in-depth analysis of contemporary China's politics and
society.
Its publications provide insight into the context of current developments,
and their coverage of the writings of prominent intellectuals — such as
the ongoing Xu Zhangrun 許章潤 archive project — shares invaluable
expertise on the subtleties of language and historical references used to
express political opposition, among other insights.
China Unofficial Archives
中國民間檔案館
The
China Unofficial Archives
中國民間檔案館 launched in December 2023 as a platform "dedicated to making accessible
the key documents, movies, blogs, and publications of a movement of
Chinese people seeking to reclaim their country's history."
The archives include an extensive back-catalogue of the renowned history
magazine China Through the Ages炎黄春秋— abruptly dismantled in 2014
— in addition to a growing body of other important writing and films that
shed light on the broad scope of discussion and research that persists
outside of official narratives.
Chu T'ien-wen 朱天文
Chu T'ien-wen 朱天文1956— is a novelist and screenwriter, and one the
most celebrated Taiwanese literary figures of the 20th century. Her father
Chu Hsi-ning 朱西甯1927—1998 and sister Chu T'ien-hsin 朱天心1958— are
also prominent writers.
Chu is known for her prolific collaboration with Taiwanese
director Hou Hsiao-hsien 侯孝賢, for whom she wrote or co-wrote over a
dozen scripts including the masterpiece A City of Sadness悲情城市. She
has also worked alongside directors Chen Kunhou 陳坤厚 and Edward Yang
楊德昌1947—2007.
Her literary output is highly regarded, amongst which is Notes of
a Desolate Man荒人手記. The novel is written as the diary of a gay man
who has arrived in Japan to be with his friend who is dying of AIDS, and
recollects his memories of their shared past.
Feng Tang 馮唐
Feng Tang 馮唐 is the pseudonym of Zhang Haipeng 張海鵬1971—, a
writer, poet and private equity investor from Beijing.
Oneness不二 depicts Tang dynasty monks and nuns as
sexual deviants
with cynical attitudes towards their faith and peers. Feng's explicit
deadpan humour is reminiscent of Wang Xiaobo 王小波1952—1997, and he combines this
with historical detail and satirical plays on monastic politics to great
effect.
Hao Jingfang 郝景芳
Hao Jingfang 郝景芳1984— is a science
fiction writer and the 2016
recipient of the Hugo Award for Best Novelette.
Her novella
Folding Beijing北京摺曡 is a
futuristic riff on the experiences of the city's
beipiao 北漂 or migrant workers, whose labour is essential to its
function, and yet must eke out precarious lives in a legal grey zone
without basic rights.
Hsieh Tzu-fan 謝子凡
Hsieh Tzu-fan 謝子凡 is an author, translator and former advertiser.
Me and the Garbage Truck I Chased我和我追逐的垃圾車 is a collection
of semi-autobiographical short stories. Divided across four themes (Hot — Cold — Dark — Light), Xie's restrained but reflective writing style gives
depth to her everyday subject matter.
LEAP 藝術界
LEAP藝術界 is a biannual, bilingual contemporary art
and cultural commentary magazine, and self-stated "international art portal of contemporary China".
The Shanghai-based publication extends its lens far across the rest of the country to cover exhibitions
and performances from the visual arts scene, interviews, retrospectives and critical analysis of artists' works
and themes.
A notable feature of the magazine is that the print edition juxtaposes Chinese and English versions of each
article, which can be especially useful as a
learning tool for gleaning context from complex prose typical of more abstract subject matter.
Visitors to the
LEAP
website
can view a selection of current and archived articles in English and Chinese, and details of upcoming events.
Leung Man-tao 梁文道
Leung Man-tao 梁文道1970— is a writer, cultural critic, and public
personality. He was a long-running guest on Dou Wentao's 竇文濤 news
talk-show Qiangqiang Sanrenxing鏘鏘三人行 until its
cancellation in 2017.
His books I Read我讀 and I
Write我執 consist of series
of short
entries of reflections on reading and writing, respectively, with
expansions on his personal philosophy as a practicing Buddhist.
Liu Cixin 劉慈欣
Liu Cixin 劉慈欣1963— is a science fiction writer, former engineer,
and recipient of the 2015 Hugo Award for Three Body Problem三體, the
first book of his trilogy by the same name.
His engineering background shows in the descriptions of a near-future
Earth trying desperately to develop technological solutions to an
existential threat, and his application of game theory to space
exploration in the second instalment, Dark Forest黑暗森林, is
engaging, as are the more experimental plotlines of the finale, Death's
End死神永生.
The narrative is let down by two-dimensional characters, and Liu's
reliance on lazy stereotypes makes some sections tedious. Still, his
strategic plot developments and talent for the science he knows is
worthwhile for those interested in the genre.
For a detailed critical commentary on the trilogy and Liu's worldview, see
this
Yibao article
by Wang Qingmin 王慶民.
Liu Yichang 劉以鬯
Liu Yichang 劉以鬯1918—2018 was a writer,
editor and publisher, and
one of the most prominent Hong Kong literary figures of the 20th century.
Liu began as a newspaper editor and columnist during the Japanese
occupation of China, and over the course of his prolific career continued
on to serve publications in Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Credited as the first Chinese-language stream-of-consciousness novel, The
Drunkard酒徒 relates the perspective of a writer whose lamentations
over the lack of an audience for serious literature in Hong Kong serve as
an excuse for his descent into alcoholism, and rejection of his art form
in favour of the easier income offered by pulp fiction and erotica.
The vivid evocations of the streets and nightlife of 1960s Hong Kong bring
to mind Henry Miller's1891—1980 Paris of the 1930s, though it is William Faulkner1897—1962,
James Joyce1882—1941 and Virginia Woolf1882—1941 to whom the protagonist makes repeated
references and served as apparent inspiration to the author.
Liu Yichang's work in turn has served as a major influence for acclaimed
director Wong Kar-wai 王家衛. The Drunkard
provided the inspiration for
the latter's 2046, and his internationally renowned In the
Mood for Love花樣年華 drew on another of Liu's works, Intersection對倒.
Lu Xun 魯迅
Lu Xun 魯迅 was the pseudonym of Zhou Shuren 周樹人1881—1936, a
writer, essayist, and translator who played a prominent role in the birth
of modern Chinese literature.
His short story collection Call to Arms呐喊 is
regarded as one of the
first works written entirely in vernacular Chinese. It is worth reading
for its historical significance alone, emerging in the aftermath of the
1919 May Fourth Movement 五四運動 that saw widespread demonstrations
against imperialism and calls for social modernisation.
The collection includes the novella The True Story of Ah Q阿Q正傳, a
satire of backward character traits perceived as emblematic of how the
country had fallen victim to the encroachment of foreign powers during the
late Qing dynasty 清朝1644—1912 and early Republic of China
中華民國1912—1949 period.
Qi Jun 琦君
Qi Jun 琦君 was the pen name of writer, essayist, critic and translator Pan Xizhen
潘希珍1917—2006.
Her novel Ripe Tangerine橘子紅了 is a critique of female
exploitation
under traditional family structures. Xiufen 秀芬 becomes the third wife in
a rural household, arranged as Dama's 大媽 futile attempt to coax her
husband back from the city he has abandoned her for to be with his second
wife.
Zhang Yimou 張藝謀 explored similar themes in his film Raise
the Red
Lantern大紅燈籠高高挂, released the same year in 1991.
Qian Zhongshu 錢鍾書
Qian Zhongshu 錢鍾書1910—1998 was a scholar and writer, and one of
the most lauded Chinese literary figures of the 20th century.
Fortress Beseiged圍城 is a satirical novel written during his time in
Shanghai under Japanese occupation. Centred on Fang Hongjian 方鴻漸, who
has returned home after squandering funds and his studies in Europe, the
book takes on middle-class affectations and relationships during the
Republic of China 中華民國1912—1949 era.
Resonate 回響
Launched in 2020, Resonate迴響 is a Cantonese
periodical from Hong Kong
featuring short stories, non-fiction articles, cultural commentary and
related content.
Each issue focuses on a theme or topic, with past issues touching on
subjects such as advertising, anime, fate, horror, money and nostalgia.
Resonate aims to expand the use of Cantonese in written form, and
highlight themes and issues specific to Hong Kong. The magazine features
regular contributors, and also accepts submissions via
its website.
Sang Ye 嗓晔 &
Zhang Xinxin 張辛欣
Sang Ye 嗓曄1955— is a journalist, writer and
oral
historian. Zhang Xinxin 張辛欣1953— is a writer,
novelist and playwright.
In 1986 the pair published Chinese Lives北京人:一百個普通人的自述,
a collection of interviews with people from a wide range of social, family, and
occupational backgrounds in a country very different to today's People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國1949—.
Song and Zhang edited themselves out of the interviews, to present their
subjects' accounts as uninterrupted monologues.
I read the English translation ahead of my first visit to China, and found
the authors' deeply humane treatment of their subjects' diverse and
sometimes tragic experiences striking. I was fortunate to later track down
a second-hand Chinese edition of the original text — see SOURCES for
places to search — but the translation is worth reading if that's
unavailable.
Sang Ye published a further oral history titled 1949 1989 1999 which was later
translated to English as China Candid: The People on the People's Republic
by Miriam Lang and China Heritage founder Gereme Barmé.
Sanmao 三毛
Sanmao 三毛 was the pseudonym of writer and translator Echo Chen Ping 陳平, born Chen Mao-ping 陳懋平1943—1991.
Her then-unconventional lifestyle, which saw her leave Taiwan alone for Europe and Morocco, embodied a free and independent
way of life that inspired many across the Chinese-speaking world.
Stories of the Sahara撒哈拉的故事 is typical of her
autobiographical
writing style, based on her experiences living in Morocco with her Spanish
husband, who passed away in an accident just a few years after
publication. Her struggles to cope with this loss informed much of her
subsequent work, and likely contributed to her suicide a decade later.
Wang Mun Kiat 黄文杰
Wang Mun Kiat 黃文傑1967— is a Singaporean poet
and engineer.
The poems of his second collection Short Tongue短舌
are haiku-like in
their brevity, but Wang manages to imbue their clipped lines with barbed
social commentary. Take for example Modern Revelations: Smartphones 現代啓示錄:智能手機:
現代啓示錄:智能手機
低頭
最多話的
啞巴
抬頭
最孤寂的
喧嘩
I've spent little time with Chinese poetry in the past, often finding the
form's abstract nature to be beyond my language ability.
Some entries of Short Tongue are cryptic, but in general the writing is accessible
and I'd recommend it to others interested in trying modern poetry in Chinese.
The publisher
Sea
Breeze
Books
海風書屋 also offers a bilingual edition, with English translations by the
poet Daryl Lim Wei Jie 林偉傑.
Wang Shuo 王朔
Wang Shuo 王朔1958— is a novelist and
screenwriter. Known for his
liu mang 流氓 or 'hooligan' style of writing, his works have been
popular source material for film and television since the late 1980s.
The dark humour of Please Don't Call Me Human千萬別把我當人
gets
close to the bone with its ridicule of totalitarian bureaucracy, through the exploration of a cynical
protagonist who passively adheres to whatever political directives come his way. Published
in the 1980s, a similar work could not evade censorship today.
Wang's writing includes several screenplays that have been adapted for film and television,
including the absurdist The Troubleshooters 頑主
directed by Mi Jiashan 米家山, which follows three founders of a Beijing firm that promises to resolve any problem
their clients face.
Wang Xiaobo 王小波
Wang Xiaobo 王小波1952—1997 was a novelist and essayist. Born in
Beijing, he was amongst the many 'sent-down' or 'educated' youths 知識青年
extracted from urban life to labour in rural areas during the Cultural
Revolution 文革1966—1976.
That experience influenced some of his best-known works, including the
hilarious satirical novella Golden Age黃金時代.
Essay collections such as Silent
Majority沉默的大多數 display his bold wit and talent for
querying norms, whether via serious critique or darkly comic scenarios.
Wang was a rare outspoken public intellectual in a society that offered scant room for one. Had he not sadly passed
before his time, he no doubt would have much to say today.
Wu Ming-Yi 吴明益
Wu Ming-Yi 吳明益1971— is a writer, artist and academic, and a
professor of Chinese literature at National Dong Hwa University
國立東華大學. His writing has explored environmentalism and themes unique
to Taiwan, such as the influence of the island's Japanese occupation.
The Stolen Bicycle單車失竊記 revolves around a man seeking his
long-absent father, with meditations on Taiwan's role in World War II. His
meticulous effort to piece together whatever fragments he can — down to
cataloguing bicycles used in the theatre his father served in — vividly
contrasts the inability to know the person at the centre of his search.
Xue Yiwei 薛憶潙
Xue Yiwei 薛憶溈1964— is an author, academic, and doctor of
linguistics.
His first novel, Desertion遺棄 uses a first-person
narrative to
explore the protagonist's philosophical reflections, as he struggles
against bureaucratic opposition to quit his vacuous government job.
With Shenzheners深圳人 Xue took inspiration from James
Joyce's1882—1941
Dubliners to produce these short stories on fictional residents of the
Chinese city, through whom he explores themes of isolation and detachment within a modern metropolis.
Yang Weidong 楊偉東
Yang Weidong 楊偉東1966— is an artist and
independent filmmaker.
After suffering a politically-motivated family tragedy, he sought to
understand how society could arrive at a state in which such acts occur
without recourse.
The result is Put This On Record立此存照, a multi-volume
series of
over 500 interviews with prominent figures including officials,
economists, historians, philosophers and activists across a spectrum of
socio-political attitudes.
Subjects of the first print volume include Unirule Institute of Economics 天則經濟研究所 co-founder Mao Yushi 茅於軾, artist Fang Lijun 方力鈞, and journalist Yang
Jisheng 楊繼繩 whose own archival project Tombstone
墓碑 recorded extensive first-person accounts of the Great Chinese Famine 三年大饑荒1959—1961.
Yang Weidong provides his subjects space to elucidate
their thoughts, and humbly resists bringing his personal motivation into
direct view.
Yibao 議報
Yibao議報 is an
online publication
featuring social commentary and political editorials.
Operating in association with the non-profit NGO
Citizen Power Initiatives
for China
公民力量, Yibao's main focus is on the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國1949—, with critical features on
subjects such as governance, economics, human rights, history, and the
arts.
Coverage also extends to world affairs, in particular concerning major
geopolitical events and players, translations of articles from Western
publications, and news from the Sinophone world.
Yu Hua 余華
Yu Hua 余華1960— is an author and committee
member of the China Writers Association 中國作家協會.
To Live活著 follows the hubristic descent into poverty
of the
arrogant son of a land-owning family. As the events of civil war, famine,
and the Cultural Revolution 文革1966—1976 unfold, the protagonist emerges with a kinder
outlook even under increasing isolation.
As a study of an individual, To Live makes a good compliment to Chen
Zhongshi's 陳忠實1942—2016 broader take on similar themes from that era in White
Deer Plain白鹿原.
Zhang Yinlin 張蔭麟
Zhang Yinlin 張蔭麟1905—1942 was a writer and
professor of history.
His Outline of Chinese History中國史綱 is an excellent
introduction
to ancient China, from the Xia dynasty 夏朝c.2070—c.1600BC through the
Warring States period 戰國時代c.475—221BC,
unification under Qin Shihuang 秦始皇259—210BC,
and on to the establishment of the Eastern
Eastern Han dynasty 東漢25—220AD in the 1st century AD.
The book is full of anecdotes on figures and events, and traces the
emergence of China's philosophical schools, social customs, and political
systems.
More Ink 墨單
Want more suggestions? Try this list of writers and books for other
ideas.
For ink of another kind,
explore
the works of Beijing-based artist Liu Dan 劉丹1953—.
Poppy罌粟花, 2007, Liu Dan 劉丹